World Shotokan Karate Sports Council WSKSC

wskscouncil@gmail.com +91.9874741567

WORLD SHOTOKAN KARATE SPORTS COUNCIL

shotokanet@gmail.com +91.9874741567 Prof.Dr.Hanshi.Dibyendu Nag.

History & Principles of Shotokan Karate

A Short History of Shotokan Karate

Image of Master Gichin Funakoshi Gichin Funakoshi is widely considered as the “father” of modern day karate. He was born in the Shuri prefecture in Okinawa in 1868 and at the age of 11 began to study Karate under two of Okinawa’s top masters. In time, he became a master in his own right and in 1922 he was invited to demonstrate karate to the Japanese public for the very first time. The demonstration was such a success he was invited to stay in Japan and teach, which he did with great success.

For Sensei Funakoshi, the word ‘karate’ eventually took on a deeper meaning than just martial arts training, transforming into what is has become known as karate-do, the ‘way of the empty hand.’ He was to modify the Okinawan art by taking inspiration from traditional Japanese budo (kendo, judo, etc) and integrated their philosophical aspects into his and his student’s training. This became a total discipline, which represented a synthesis of Okinawaan and Japanese schools and in 1936 he established the ‘SHOTOKAN’ style of Japanese karate which was to be greatly influenced by his son Yoshitaka (Giko) and Masatoshi Nakayama, first headmaster of the Japan Karate Association.

Whereas his father was responsible for transforming karate from a mere fighting technique into a philosophical martial ‘do’ (way of life), Yoshitaka was put in charge of developing, helped by other important martial artists, a karate technique that definitively separated Japanese karate-do from the local Okinawaan art, thus giving it a completely different and at the same time notoriously Japanese flavour.

It is upon these concepts that in 1948, the Japan Karate Association (JKA) was founded. The establishment of the JKA lead the way to the spread of Shotokan karate throughout the world. Master Masatoshi Nakayama, one of Funakoshi’s greatest students, succeeded him as the headmaster of the JKA and during his time there he further developed Shotokan, based on his own research, into the style we know today.

It was through master Nakayama’s vision, that Shotokan has spread throughout the world by enriching many people’s lives in many countries, while other senior instructors stayed in Japan at the Sohonbu to teach the next generation of Shotokan masters.

Funakoshi’s (Shotokan) Principals

Never forget: Karate begins and ends with rei. Rei has the meaning of respect.
There is no “first hand” in Karate. (Meaning there is no first attack, karate is about self-defense)
Karate supports righteousness.
First understand yourself, then understand others.
The art of mind is more important than the art of technique.
The mind needs to be freed.
Trouble is born of negligence.
Do not think that Karate is only in the dojo.
The training of Karate requires a lifetime.
Transform everything into Karate; therein lies the exquisiteness.
Genuine Karate is like hot water; it cools down if you do not keep heating it.
Do not have an idea of winning, while the idea of losing is not necessary.
Transform yourself according to the opponent.
The outcome of the fight all depends on the maneuver.
Imagine one’s arms and legs as swords.
Once you leave the shelter of home there are a million enemies.
Postures are for the beginner, later they are natural positions.
Do the kata correctly, the real fight is a different matter.
Do not forget the dynamics of power, the elasticity of the body, and the speed of technique.
Always be good at the application of everything you have learned.

Why You Should Choose IIMA Karate

Choosing a karate school (dojo) is a very important first step for every karate student. You need to be sure that you find the place that is right for you and for your family. IIMA provides a dojo environment where the training is serious but the atmosphere is friendly and supportive. Each student at IIMA is able to progress at his or her own rate. At IIMA, a student’s rate of advancement depends on personal ability and, more importantly, on their level of commitment to training.

Many factors make IIMA Karate in INDIA, 700048 a unique place to pursue the study of martial arts for you and your family:

Conveniently scheduled classes
Convenient location for Boulder County and Denver residents
No contract is necessary and our pricing is a very reasonable monthly fees with discounts available
High quality of instruction with over forty years of experience
Year-round training
Special and often individualized attention by skilled instructors for students of all levels and abilities
Flexible programs – students can start karate at any time
Special instruction to help youths develop motor skills and coordination
Guidance to help youths respect their parents and honor their friendships, relationships, and obligations
Special help for students with ADD and learning challenges
A wide variety of classes in karate and weapons training
Special seminars available for competitions, refereeing, and other martial arts programs

IIMA Karate “Dojo Kun”

IIMA uses the traditional Shotokan “dojo kun” (karate school affirmations) in all of its classes. Our dojo kun is intended to remind students to carry the physical, mental, and spiritual discipline and benefits of karate with them out of the dojo and into their everyday lives. The IIMA family has added a final affirmation to the traditional list, to encourage love and respect in all relationships.

Dojo Kun
Seek perfection of character
Be faithful
Endeavor (to excel)
Respect others
Refrain from violent behavior
Love yourself and love others

We offer you and your family one free class and welcome you to learn more about our family-oriented IIMA dojo and look forward to hearing from you. +91.8777613680 shotokanet@gmail.com

Benefits of IIMA Organization

For Instructors and Coaches

The IIMA organization offers numerous seminars and training sessions to assist Karate Senseis (Instructors) and Coaches develop top level athletes and to prepare those athletes for competition at regional, national, and international levels. Seminar topics include:

The differences between traditional and sport karate, and the advantages of each
How to generate inner power and strength in karate techniques
Developing speed and agility in kata & kumite at any age
The development of appropriate training programs for competitors all ages and abilities
Becoming a successful coach for youth and adult students
Ring management and refereeing techniques for competitions

For Organizational Leaders/Owners/Operators of Karate Organizations

In addition to the support you’ll receive for teaching, training, and helping your students successfully compete, the IIMA organization offers several seminars on the successful management of karate dojos, karate clubs and larger karate organizations. These seminars include:

New and updated methods for teaching students of all belt levels
The development of successful manuals to be used for both Kyu (color belts) and Dan exams (black belts)
How to train your instructors and staff to be more effective in helping to operate your business
Training yourself physically and spiritually to be an effective instructor and role model for your students
How to develop new, successful karate programs in your community
Managing multiple karate facilities
Teaching your students remotely
Managing a successful karate dojo/s club/s or organization
The basics of owning your own dojo
Instructor certification
Official Dan grades, registered in IIMA’s headquarters

Interested in learning more about the benefits of joining the IIMA Organization? Contact our office at +91.9874091619 to speak with PROF.DR.HANSHI.DIBYENDU NAG to receive the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MARTIAL ARTS services.

List of Katas

This is the most elementary kata practiced at IIMA. Developed by Master Funakoshi’s son, Gigo, Taikyoku helps new students learn basic kata principles.

太極初段 Taikyoku Shodan – (first cause)

Heian

Created relatively recently, the Heians were originally called Pinan from the Okinawan pronunciation of the Chinese word for safety. When introduced to Japan, Master Funakoshi opted to use the Japanese pronunciation Heian. Considered basic kata for beginning students.

平安初段 Heian Shodan – (peaceful mind, first level)
平安二段 Heian Nidan – (peaceful mind, second level)
平安三段 Heian Sandan – (peaceful mind, third level)
平安四段 Heian Yondan – (peaceful mind, fourth level)
平安五段 Heian Godan – (peaceful mind, fifth level)

Tekki

Originally known in Okinawa as Naihanchi, the katas were renamed by Master Funakoshi upon its introduction to Japan to reflect the strength exhibited with kiba-dachi. Rich in fighting techniques, the Tekki family offers a plethora of close combat techniques.

鉄騎初段 Tekki Shodan – (iron horse riding, first level)
鉄騎弐段 Tekki Nidan – (iron horse riding, second level)
鉄騎参段 Tekki Sandan – (iron horse riding, third level)

Advanced Katas

Bassai Dai (to penetrate a fortress – big)
The strong techniques of this kata emphasize hip movement. Some resemble a battering ram being used against fortress walls.
Bassai Sho (to penetrate a fortress – small)
This kata was derived from Bassai-Dai. It has a similar performance line.
Kanku Dai (to view the sky – big)
Most of the elements of the Heian Kata were derived from this kata. The first movement in this kata views the sky, which symbolizes the universe and shows your opponent that you are unarmed. It was Master Funakoshi’s preferred kata.
Kanku Sho (to view the sky – small)
Kanku Sho was created from Kanku Dai. The movements and performance line are similar.
Hangetsu (half moon)
This kata received its name from its principal stance, hangetsu dachi (half moon stance).
Goju Shi Ho Dai (fifty four steps – big)
This kata is one of the most advance kata of Shotokan. Master Funakoshi called it hotaku (knocking of a woodpecker) because some of the techniques resemble a woodpecker tapping its beak against a tree.
Goju Shi Ho Sho (fifty four steps – small)
This is a smaller version of Goju Shi Ho Dai. It is also one of the most advanced kata of Shotokan.
Enpi (flying swallow)
The quick up and down movements of this kata are reminiscent of a fling swallow. Enpi is one of the oldest kata in Shotokan. Its former name was Wanshu.
Jion (love and goodness)
Jion is a term in Buddhism. It is also the name of a temple in China. It uses basic stances and techniques. It is one of the most traditional kata in Shotokan.
Jiin (love and shadow)
Jiin is another term in Buddhism. It has similar techniques and performance line as Jion.
Jitte (ten hands)
The goal of this kata is to teach a student to fight against ten opponents. This is a strong kata, similar to jion and Jiin.
Meikyo (bright mirror)
The first movements of this kata suggest the smoothing of water to make it as calm and even as a mirror. The triangle jump at the end of this kata is said to have a secret meaning portending to a miracle.
Niju Shi Ho (twenty-four steps)
The movements in this kata resemble waves breaking on a cliff. The former name of this kata was ni sei shi.
Wankan (king and crown)
Wankan is the shortest kata in Shotokan.
Gankaku (crane on a rock)
The main stance in this kata (tsuruashi dachi) resembles a crane ready to strike at its prey. The movements are supposed to simulate a fight in the narrow alleyways of Okinawa. The former name of this kata was Chinto.
Sochin (strength and calm)
The name of this kata comes from its stance (sochin dachi), a strong, rooted stance. The purpose of this kata is to teach defense against a stick. Its former name was Hakko.
Chinte (rare hand)
Chinte has a lot of circular and roundhouse techniques. These are rare and are not typical of the shortest distance between two points concept of Shotokan.
Unsu (cloud hands)
Unsu has several techniques that symbolize parting the clouds with open hands. It is also one of the most advanced kata of Shotokan.

Shotokan Katas

The heart of Shotokan.

Enough for a lifetime.

Below you will find a list of all of the katas that are taught in the classical Shotokan Karate system. I have made a point of specifying the location of the various kiai points, and some of the techniques that are first introduced. Also the number of movements n the kata, and the approximate time in which each of the katas should be performed.

I recognize that Taikyoku Shodan, Taikyoku Nidan, and Taikyoku Sandan, are not taught at every Shotokan dojo. However, I have listed them here since all three of these katas are referenced by Master Gichin Funakoshi in his book, Karate-Do Kyohan. It is important for students to remember as they rise up through the various kyu levels, and Dan ranks, that regular practice of all of the katas that they have been taught is vital to their future progress.

Remember: "Learning the pattern of all twenty-six katas found in the Shotokan system is one thing. Truly understanding them, however, is a process that will take you an entire lifetime".

Taikyoku Shodan - First Cause

Taikyoku Shodan is the first of three practice katas that are separate from the 26 primary katas found within the Shotokan Karate system. Taikyoku Shodan is the most basic of these kata, and is primarily used to teach beginners the fundamental aspects of kata.

Due to its similarity to Heian Shodan many dojos today do not bother teaching this kata. Personally I consider this to be the kata that beginners should learn first. It allows the new student to focus on learning one basic stance, zenkutsu-dachi (front stance), and one basic punch, chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch), and one block, gedan-barai (downward sweeping block).

This kata contains 20 movements, and should take the student approximately 35 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 10th kyu (white belt) to 9th kyu (yellow belt). Only after having spent sufficient time learning the fundamentals of this particular kata should the student then move on to the next kata in this series, Taikyoku Nidan.

It has been said that after spending many decades of training, and having finally completed a study of all 26 of the katas found within the Shotokan karate system, a karate-ka should return once again to Taikyoku Shodan. In the words of Master Gichin Funakoshi, use it "as the ultimate training kata".

The embusen (pattern) of Taikyoku Shodan is the same as Heian Shodan, except here only chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) is used both up, and down, the center line. There are two kiai points found in Taikyoku Shodan. The first one occurs on the last chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the last chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the bottom of the embusen (line of attack).

Return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata. Leaving your right foot in place withdraw your left foot to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. Bring your left foot half way in towards your right foot, and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing step out with your left foot, and then your right foot, and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). At the same time bringing your hands from your sides, and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Taikyoku Nidan - Second Cause

Taikyoku Nidan is the second of the three katas in this series. As previously mentioned the Taikyoku series of practice katas are an entirely separate, introductory group, from the 26 primary katas in the Shotokan Karate system. This kata is also used as a means of teaching beginners the most fundamental aspects of kata.

Many Shotokan dojos today also do not bother teaching this kata. Personally I consider this to be the second kata a beginner should learn. Taikyoku Nidan is used to introduce students for the first time a new hand technique, jodan-oi-zuki (upper level lunge punch), while still retaining the zenkutsu-dachi (front stance), the chudan zuki (middle level punch), and the gedan-barai (downward sweeping block) that they were taught in the previous kata.

This kata contains 20 movements and should take the student approximately 35 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 10th kyu (white belt) to 9th kyu (yellow belt). Only after having first trained for some time in both Taikyoku Shodan, and Taikyoku Nidan will a student then be ready to move on to the last kata in this series, Taikyoku Sandan.

The embusen here is the same as in Taikyoku Shodan, but all of the punches in this kata are jodan-oi-zuki (upper level lunge punch). There are two kiai points found in Taikyoku Nidan. The first one occurs on the last jodan-oi-zuki (upper level lunge punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the last jodan-oi-zuki (upper level lunge punch) at the bottom of the embusen (line of attack).

Taikyoku Sandan - Third Cause

The third and last kata in this series is Taikyoku Sandan. Once again, many Shotokan dojos today do not bother teaching this kata to their students, but I consider this to be the third kata a beginner should learn. Only after having first trained for some time in Taikyoku Shodan, Taikyoku Nidan, and Taikyoku Sandan will a student then be ready to move on, and learn the more complex hand techniques, stances, and combination movements that will be taught in the upcoming Heian series of katas.

Taikyoku Sandan introduces the beginner for the first time to a new hand technique, chudan-uchi-uke (inside outward block), and to a new basic stance, kokutsu-dachi (back stance). At the same time this kata maintains the use of chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch), jodan-oi-zuki (upper level lunge punch), gedan-barai (downward sweeping block) and zenkutsu-dachi (front stance) found in the previous two katas.

The embusen (pattern) is the same as in Taikyoku Shodan except, the movements along both directions on line #1 and #3 the of embusen are chudan-uchi-uke (inside outward block) in kokutsu-dachi (back stance), followed by jodan-oi-zuki (upper level lunge punch) in zenkutsu-dachi (front stance). The movements both up and down the center line are chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) in zenkutsu-dachi (front stance). There are two kiai points found in Taikyoku Sandan. The first one occurs on the last chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the last chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the bottom of the embusen (line of attack).

Heian Shodan - Peaceful Mind Number One

Heian Shodan is the first of five katas taught in this series. The creation of the Heian series of katas has been attributed to the great Okinawan karate teacher, Master Yasutsune Itosu (1831 - 1915) who was one of Master Gichin Funakoshi's two primary teachers. This series of five katas was originally known by its Okinawan name, Pinan Shodan. Master Itosu created this series of katas around 1905 in order to teach the art of karate to children in the Okinawan school system. It is believed that he derived many of the movements, and material from more advanced kata, as well as a much older root kata called, Channan.

When the Founder of Shotokan Karate, Master Gichin Funakoshi, first introduced karate to Japan it was he who changed the name of the five katas in this series from, the Okinawan pronunciation of Pinan, to Heian (Peaceful Mind). It is speculated that perhaps he did so in order to have these katas more readily accepted by Japanese society. It is interesting to note that this kata was originally the second kata taught in this series, and that Heian Nidan was originally the first kata taught. However, Master Funakoshi reversed the order, as he felt it was more appropriate to teach Heian Shodan first, since it is a much less complex kata than Heian Nidan.

This kata introduces the student for the first time to several new hand techniques, jodan-age-uke (upper level rising block), chudan-tetsui, (middle level hammer fist) and shuto-zuki, (sword hand strike), as well as the concept of tai-sabaki (body shifting). This kata contains 21 movements and should take the student approximately 30 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 10th kyu (white belt) to 9th kyu (yellow belt).

There are two kiai points found in Heian Shodan. The first one occurs on the last jodan-age-uke (upper level rising block) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the last chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the bottom of the embusen (line of attack).

To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Heian Nidan - Peaceful Mind Number Two

Heian Nidan is the second of the five katas in this series. This kata requires the student for the first time to include a kick in their kata. In this instance there are two of them. The first is a chudan-yoko-geri-keage (middle level side snapping kick). Here it is important to remember to bring your back leg up a half step so as to keep alinement with your attacker, and chudan-mae-geri-keage (middle level front snapping kick). In addition, several new hand techniques are also introduced for the first time. They are, chudan-uraken-uke (back fist), chudan-nukite-zuki (middle level spear hand strike), chudan-gyaku-zuki (middle level reverse punch), gyaku-hanme-uchi-uke (reverse inside middle block), here it is important to remember to bring your front foot back at the same time as you make the second block, but, never the first one, and morote-chudan-uchi-uke (supported middle level inside outward block). This kata contains 26 movements and should also take the student approximately 35 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 9th kyu (yellow belt) to 8th kyu (orange belt).

There are two kiai points in Heian Nidan. The first one occurs on the chudan-nukite-zuki (middle level spear hand) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the very last movement of the kata jodan-age-uke (upper level rising block).

Heian Sandan - Peaceful Mind Number Three

Heian Sandan is the third of the five katas in this series. Popular with many junior students this kata is noted for the introduction of a very strong side stance known as kiba-dachi (horse riding stance). Also, introduced for the first time is the student’s requirement to perform a simultaneous two-handed combination block, in this case a gedan-barai (lower level down block) and a chudan-uchi-uke (inside outward block) both of which are performed on the second, and fourth movements of this kata. Other new hand techniques introduced are, chudan-haishu-uke (middle level back hand block), and jodan-mawashi-zuki (upper level hook punch).

It is important to remember that after the first kiai, it is a slow count of about four seconds to turn around before coming back down the embusen (line of attack). Here the student is required to perform a series of movements in kiba-dachi (horse riding stance) while blocking and striking. This kata contains 20 movements and should take the student approximately 30 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 8th kyu (orange belt) to 7th kyu (red belt).

There are two kiai points in Heian Sandan. The first one occurs on the chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the last movement of the kata jodan-mawashi-zuki (upper level hook punch).

To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Heian Yondan - Peaceful Mind Number Four

Heian Yondan is the fourth of five kata in this series, and it will be the longest kata that the student has been taught to date. Also, more emphasis is placed on kicks in this particular kata than in any previous kata found in this series. There are three chudan-mae-geri-keage (middle level front snapping kick), and two chudan-yoko-geri-keage (middle level side snapping kick). Once again, several new hand techniques are introduced for the first time. They are gedan-juji-uke (downward X block), chudan-empi-zuki (middle level elbow strike) and kake-wake-uke (reverse wedge block), as well as one new stance, kosa-dachi (cross legged stance).

This kata also introduces the student for the first time to two new concepts. One is a long forward movement where the student is required to follow up a technique, in this case a jodan-mae-geri-keage (upper level front snapping kick) with a long shift forward into a kosa-dachi (cross legged stance). The distance travelled in this movement will usually be equal in distance to a zenkutsu-dachi (front stance). The second new concept is that of teaching the student for the first time to shift from one stance to another without moving their feet from the embusen (line of attack) that they are on. In this case from a kokutsu-dachi (back stance) into a zenkutsu-dachi (front stance). After which a hiza-geri (knee strike) is preformed. The whole point of the lesson is for the student to learn to "shift" from one stance to another. Allowing the student to move their foot over defeats the whole purpose of the lesson, and so it must be avoided. It is very important remember to keep your toes pointing downward when doing the hiza-geri (knee strike).

This kata contains 27 movements and should take the student approximately 40 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 7th kyu (red belt) to 6th kyu (green belt).

There are two kiai points in Heian Yondan. The first one occurs on the augmented chudan-uraken (supported middle level back fist) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the chudan-hiza-geri (middle level knee strike) at the bottom of the embusen (line of attack).

Heian Godan - Peaceful Mind Number Five

Heian Godan is the fifth, and final kata in this series. This kata is without a doubt the most popular of all the Heian katas. This kata amongst other things, is noted for the introduction of a jump for the first time, it that starts from one facing position, and ends up in another. It also introduces a new kicking technique chudan-mika-zuki-geri (middle level inside crescent kick), a new hand technique, chudan-mawashi-zuki (middle level round house punch), jodan-juji-uke (upper level open hand X block), and shuto-gedan-uchi (downward sword hand block).
This kata contains 23 movements and should take the student approximately 40 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 6th kyu (green belt) to 5th kyu (violet belt).
There are two kiai points in Heian Godan. The first one occurs on the chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs when you begin the jump, the kiai should continue until you land in the kosa-dachi (cross legged stance).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Tekki Shodan - Iron Horse Number One

Tekki Shodan is the first of three kata in this series. It is widely believed that the three Tekki katas we know and practice today within the Shotokan system were once linked together, and taught as one single continuous kata. It is thought that this kata was ultimately broken down into the three parts by Master Itosu primarily for ease of teaching. Master Gichin Funakoshi then changed the name of this particular series of kata from Naihanchi, its Okinawa name to Tekki, when he introduced the art of karate to Japan. Likely in order to have this series of katas more readily accepted by Japanese society.
It is very important that when you move from side to side that you do not rise up and down. Instead remain level in a low kiba dachi (horse riding stance). Thought to be Chinese in origin this kata is known for the introduction of several unique kicks, hidari-ashi mani-gaeshi and migi-ashi mani-gaeshi (left and right inward kicks), commonly known as "wave kicks". This kata contains 29 movements and should take the student approximately 30 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 5th kyu (violet belt) to 4th kyu (blue belt).
There are two kiai points in Tekki Shodan. The first one occurs to the left on the first ni-yoko-chudan zuki (double middle level side punch). The other occurs on the last movement of the kata a second ni-yoko-chudan-zuki (double middle level side punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Bassai Dai - To Penetrate the Fortress

Bassai Dai is the first of two kata in this series, and it is one of the longest kata in the Shotokan syllabus. The original creator of this kata can not be confirmed, but it is often attributed to Master Matsumura. It is a good test of the student’s ability to make maximum use of hip rotation. This kata introduces the student to several new hand techniques including, chudan-tate-shuto-uchi-uke (middle level vertical inside outward sword hand block), chudan-choku-zuki (middle level straight punch), ryo-sho-tsukami-uke (two handed grasping block), gedan-sokuto-kekomi (lower level sword foot thrust kick), morote-jodan-uke (double rising block), and many other advanced techniques.
This kata is very well suited to those students who can bring out the power this kata portrays. The term "Dai" means "greater" and in this instance refers to the length, and strength of this kata. This kata contains 42 movements and should take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 4th kyu (blue belt) to 3rd kyu (brown belt).
There are two kiai points in Bassai Dai. The first one occurs on the gedan-sokuto-kekomi (lower level sword foot thrust kick) which occurs at the top of the embusen (line of attack). Today the second one occurs on the last movement of the kata chudan-shuto-zuki (middle level sword hand strike).
Although in his book Karate-Do Kyohan, Master Funakoshi says that the second kiai should actually occur on the last yama zuki (mountain punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). Finish with your hands in the Yoi (ready) position identical to the start of the kata. You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Jion - Temple Sound

This is the first in a series of three katas, the names of which all start with the letter "J". Jion introduces several movements for the first time, and puts emphasis on teaching a student how to deal with rotational movements, and directional shifts. Jion introduces several new techniques, a series of three consecutive chudan-teisho-yoko-uke (middle level side palm heel block), and chudan-uchi-otoshi (middle level falling block). It should be noted that all of the mae-geri (front kicks) are performed at jodan (upper level).
This kata contains 47 movements and should also take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 3rd kyu (brown belt) to 2nd kyu (brown belt).
There are two kiai points in Jion. The first one occurs on the chudan oi zuki (middle level punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the very last movement of the kata, chudan-yoko-zuki (middle level side punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). Finish with your hands in the Yoi (ready) position identical to the start of the kata. You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Kanku Dai - Looking to the Sky

This is the first of the two katas in this series. Kanku Dai is one of the longest katas in the Shotokan syllabus, and is said to take its name from a Chinese General who came to Okinawa as an envoy. This kata introduces several new techniques such as ryo-sho-hiji-tate-fuse (both hands and elbows taking cover) and a chudan-ni-mae-geri (double middle level kick). The term "Dai" means "greater" and refers to both the length and strength of this kata. Kanku Dai was said to be Master Gichin Funakoshi's favorite kata, and the one he most liked seeing his students perform.
This kata contains 65 movements and should also take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 2nd kyu (brown belt) to 1st kyu (brown belt).
There are two kiai points in this Kanku Dai. The first one occurs on the chudan-nukite-zuki (middle level sword hand strike). The second one occurs on the second to last movement in the kata, chudan-ni-mae-geri (double middle level kick).
The return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata is more complex than any of the katas a student has learnt to date. Leave your right foot in place, pivoting on your right foot move your left foot around so that you are now facing forward in kiba dachi (rooted stance). As you land in the kiba dachi (rooted stance) block down and to the right with your right hand and as your right hand comes upward now also bring your hikite upward at the same time, then finish the movement by bringing both of your hands down in front of you to a ready position. At the same time that you bringing both of your hands down in front of you to a ready position stand up from the kiba dachi (rooted stance) so that you are now standing up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Hangetsu - Half Moon

Hangetsu is one of the oldest katas know to exist. Named for the semi-circular movements of the hands, and feet, Hangetsu was originally known by the Okinawan name, Seisan. It is very effective for close in attacks and the circular leg movements are an excellent way of unbalancing an opponent. This kata introduces several new techniques such as hangetsu-dachi (half moon stance), gedan-gassho-uke (lower level double palm heel block), chudan-ippon-ken (middle level single knuckle strike) and several unique combinations of basic hand, and foot techniques.
One of the most important aspects of this kata is proper breathing. The first half of the kata is done with very slow hand movements and with Goju Ryu style breathing which strong and slow. You must breath in thru your nose while at the same time pushing your lower abdomen outward filling it with air. As you step forward, and as you perform any of the various hand techniques, exhale the air out thru your mouth, while at the same time pulling your lower abdomen emptying it of air. The sound of the air being exhaled should be audible for everyone to hear. The second half of the kata, beginning at the first kiai point is thereafter done at what would be considered normal Shotokan style, and speed.
This kata contains 41 movements and should also take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 1st kyu (brown belt) to Sho Dan (1st Black Belt).
There are two kiai points in Hangetsu. The first one occurs on the first turning combination which is comprised of two techniques, shuto-chudan-uchi-uke (middle level sword hand inside outward block), and shuto-gedan-barai (lower level sword hand block). The second one occurs on the second to last movement of the kata, gedan-gyaku-zuki (lower level reverse punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and step back with your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Empi - Flying Swallow

Empi, or Enpi as it is aslo referred to is said to resemble the up and down pattern of a swallow in flight. It is a favourite kata of many students. The quick complex movements and unique combinations found in this kata make it challenging even for the more senior students in the dojo. For example, the correct movement into kosa-dachi (cross legged stance) while at the same time making chudan-soto-uke (middle level outside inward block), and a gedan-zuki and a lower level punch). Or, properly performing the series of three chudan-teisho-oshi-age-uke (upper level pressing palm heal block) and gedan-teisho-osae-uke (lower level pressing palm heal block) while at the same time using the correct hip motion when stepping into a zenkutsu-dachi (forward stance). Thought to be Chinese in origin this kata was originally introduced to Okinawa as, Wanshu, a name by which this kata is still known today within several other styles of karate.
Like all advance kata Empi requires a high level of disciplined effort and the accurate technique that only begins to emerge after several years of previous training. This kata contains 37 movements and should also take the student approximately 50 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from 1st kyu (brown belt) to Sho Dan (1st Black Belt).
There are two kiai points in Empi. The first one occurs on the on the jodan-soto-uke (upper level forearm strike) that is performed while in hidari-ashi-dachi (left one legged stance). The second one begins the moment you start the jump, and continues until you land in kokutsu-dachi (back stance) where a chudan-shuto-zuki (middle level sword hand strike) is performed.
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Tekki Nidan - Iron Horse Number Two

Tekki Nidan is the second of three katas in this series. It was also originally known by the Okinawan name, Naihanchi, a name that is still commonly used today for this series of kata in several other styles of karate. Tekki Nidan introduces several new techniques such as morote-gedan-soto-uke (lower level augmented outward inside block), as well as the opposite technique, morote-gedan-uchi-uke (lower level augmented inside outward block). Only when a student has thoroughly familiarized themselves with Tekki Shodan should they begin to learn Tekki Nidan, in which they will discover a whole new set of challenges while still maintaining some of the techniques familiar to them.
As I stated earlier in Tekki Shodan the three Tekki katas were once thought to be one single continuous kata. If so then Tekki Nidan represents the "middle" portion of this series. This kata contains 24 movements and should also take the student approximately 35 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance from 1st kyu brown belt to Sho Dan (1st Black Belt).
There are two kiai points in Tekki Nidan. The first one occurs half way through the kata on the first morote-shita-zuki (augmented upper level inverted punch) on the right side of the body. The second one occurs on the last movement of the kata, also a morote-shita-zuki (augmented upper level inverted punch), this time on the left side of the body.
To finish the kata from the last movement, leave your left foot in place and withdrawing your right foot stand up and face forward in a hachiji-dachi (natural stance), now bring your left foot half way in towards your right foot, and your right foot half way in towards your left foot, and at the same time bring your hands to your sides, now standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance), rei (bow), now step out with your left foot, then your right foot and stand once again in hachiji-dachi (natural stance).

Kanku Sho - Looking to the Sky

The second of the two katas in this series Kanku Sho should not be attempted until a student has thoroughly familiarized themselves with all aspects of Kanku Dai. This kata introduces several new techniques, a snapping combination chudan-oi-zuki-maeude-hineri (middle level snapping lunge punch), a jodan-tate-mawashi-shuto-uchi (upper level vertical roundhouse strike), and naname-shita-ni-oshinobasu (double downward oblique push).
This kata contains 47 movements and should take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from Sho Dan (1st Dan) to Ni Dan (2nd Dan).
There are two kiai points in Kanku Sho. The first one occurs on the naname-shita-ni-oshinobasu (double downward oblique push). The second one occurs on the very last movement of the kata a chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Bassai Sho - To Penetrate the Fortress

The second of the two katas in this series Bassai Sho follows a similar embusen (line of attack) as Bassai Dai, but it is shorter in length. This kata introduces several new techniques such as, ni-jodan-shita-zuki (double inverted upper level punch), chudan-tsukami-uke (middle level grasping block), and gedan-tsukami-uke (lower level grasping block). Once a student has familiarized themselves thoroughly with Bassai Dai they can begin to learn Bassai Sho. They will find this kata portrays a more outward feeling of calmness, while still maintaining great inner strength. Quite the opposite from Bassai Dai, which is noted for its visible display of outward power. Within this kata the student will discover a whole new set of challenges, while at the same time still performing some of the more familiar techniques found in Bassai Dai.
This kata contains 27 movements, and should take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is irequired in order to advance in rank from Sho Dan (1st Dan) to Ni Dan (2nd Dan).
There are two kiai points in Bassai Sho. The first one occurs on the gedan-sokuto-kekomi (lower level sword foot thrust kick) which occurs on the last movement at the top of the "I" of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the last ni-yoko-chudan-zuki (middle level side double punch).
o return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). Finish with your hands in the Yoi (ready) position identical to the start of the kata. You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Jitte - Ten Hands

The second in a series of three katas that begin with the letter "J" this kata introduces several new techniques such as a series of three consecutive jodan-yoko-uchi-barai (upper level side sweeping block), as well as a series of two sho-koko-bo-uke (tiger mouth block). Jitte remains a popular kata with many senior ranks.
This kata contains 24 movements and should take the student approximately 40 seconds to complete. This correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank Sho Dan (1st Dan) to Ni Dan (2nd Dan).
There are two kiai points in Jitte, the first one occurs on the last jodan-yoko-uchi-barai (upper level side sweeping block) at the top of the embusen (line of attack). The second one occurs on the very last movement of the kata a jodan-age-uke (upper level rising block).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place, pivoting on your right foot draw your left foot to your right foot and at the same time turn 180 degrees counter clockwise so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). Finish with your hands in the Yoi (ready) position identical to the start of the kata. You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Chinte - Extraordinary Hands

The name Chinte is Chinese in origin and is thought to be named after the unusual hand movements contained in this kata. This kata introduces several new techniques such as fudo-dachi (rooted stance), chudan-nakadaka-ippon-ken (middle level one knuckle strike), and jodan-age-nihon-nukite-zuki (upper level two finger spear hand strike). The two finger spear hand strike as well as the san-suri-ashi (three light hopping steps) which make up the last three moves in the kata, are what Chinte is most famous for. The three hopping steps are thought to be symbolic of waves crashing on the shoreline then retreating with the tide. This is a very complex kata and a student will find there is much to learn here. The ippon ken (one knuckle strike) and nihon-nukite-zuki (two finger spear hand strike) are unique and are not found in any other Shotokan kata.
This kata contains 33 movements and should take the student approximately 40 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required to advance in rank from Sho Dan (1st Dan) to Ni Dan (2nd Dan).
There are two kiai points in this kata. The first one occurs on the jodan-empi-uchi (upper level elbow strike). The second one occurs on the last chudan-tate-zuki (middle level vertical punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your hands in place in front of you,, now leaving your right foot in place, withdraw to your left foot and place it beside your right foot, now, with your feet together hop backwards 12 inches to the right at a 45 degree angle, then hop twice directly backwards 12 inches each time so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). Finish with your hands in the Yoi (ready) position identical to the start of the kata. You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Tekki Sandan - Iron Horse Number Three

The third and last kata in this series, Tekki Sandan is probably the most popular of the three Tekki katas. This kata introduces the student to new techniques not previously seen in previous katas in this series including, sokumen-gedan-furisute (downward knuckle strike) and yoku-ude-hasami (middle level trapping technique). This kata can be best summed up as the final part of what was once thought to be one single continuous kata that linked all three Tekki katas together.
This kata contains 33 movements and should take approximately 40 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from Sho Dan (1st Dan) to Ni Dan (2nd Dan).
There are two kiai points in Tekki Sandan. The first one occurs on the first jodan-shita-zuki (upper level rising punch) on the left side half way through the kata. The second kiai occurs on the last movement of the kata which is the second jodan-shita-zuki upper level rising punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Gankaku - Crane on a Rock

The kata Gankaku is said to be derived from the Chinese kata, Yabu Chinto. Gankaku appears in Isshin-ryu, Shorin-ryu, and Shotokan karate. Yabu Chinto is said to have originated on the island of Okinawa in the early 19th century, and to be named for a Chinese sailor who became shipwrecked on the island during a typhoon. Due to the number of hip rotations, and the balance, and skill required to kick with a yoko-geri-keage (side snapping kick) from a one-legged crane stance, Gankaku is definitely one of the more difficult Shotokan katas to master. This kata introduces several new techniques such as, a jodan-sokumen-awase-uke (upper level side combination block).
This kata contains 42 movements and should take the student approximately 40 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from Ni Dan (2nd Dan) to San Dan (3rd Dan).
There are two kiai points in this kata. The first one occurs on the first chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch). The second one occurs on the very last movement of the kata, also a chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdrawing your left foot turn around to your left so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Sochin - Immovable Stance

The kata Sochin displays power, and stability which it derives from a strong side stance that is used throughout this kata called, fudo-dachi (rooted stance). In fact, the stance is used so often in Sochin that this particular stance is also referred to on its own as sochin-dachi. This kata introduces amongst others, muso-game and jodan-yoko-nukite (upper level spear hand).
This kata contains 40 movements and should take the student approximately 50 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance from Ni Dan (2nd Dan) to San Dan (3rd Dan).
There are two kiai points in Sochin. The first one occurs on the first jodan-shita-zuki (upper level rising punch) on the right side, three quarters of the way through the kata. The second one occurs on the last movement of the kata, a chudan-kizama-zuki (middle level thrust punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Nijushiho - Twenty Four Steps

The flow of Nijushiho should be very smooth, and the student must make every effort not to make the kata appear jerky and uneven. Master Funakoshi took Master Masatoshi Nakayama to Master Kenwa Mabuni, Founder of Shito Ryu to learn two katas, one of those katas was Nijushiho, the other kata was Gojushiho. Which is how these two katas came into the Shotokan system. This kata introduces several new techniques such as, chudan-mae-empi-uchi (middle level forward elbow strike), and awase-zuki (upper level and lower level punch).
This kata contains 33 movements and should take the student approximately 40 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance from Ni Dan (2nd Dan) to San Dan (3rd Dan).
There are two kiai points in Nijushiho. The first one occurs on the jodan-kensei (upper level palm feint). The second one occurs on the second to last movement of the kata, a combination awase-zuki (upper level and lower level punch) that is performed in sanchin-dachi (hour glass stance).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Wankan - Kings Crown

Wankan is the shortest katas found in the Shotokan syllabus. Yet Wankan is far more complex kata than it first appears. It is from the same historic line as the Chinese kata's Wanshu, and Wando. This kata is originally from the Tomari area of Okinawa and is also practiced by students studying Shorin-ryu, Shito-ryu, and Matsubayashi-ryu. It was aid to be the favourite kata of the Founder of Matsubayashi-ryu, Master Shoshin Nagamine.
The Shotokan version of Wankan is said to have been created by Master Gichin Funakoshi's son, Yoshitaka Funakoshi (also known as Giko) who tragically died in the prime of his life during World War II. Because Wankan is so short, there are many practitioners today who feel that it is not a genuine Shotokan kata, since they feel that Sensei Yoshitaka never finished Wankan. We will never know for sure, but today, Wankan is unique amongst all of the Shotokan katas in that it only has one kiai.
Wankan is often referred to as the "old mans kata" or the "lost kata" of Shotokan karate. Because today it is practiced primarily by the oldest generation of karate-ka, and not often taught in many dojos today, even it is said, in Japan.
This kata contains 20 movements and should take the student approximately 30 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance from Ni Dan (2nd Dan) to San Dan (3rd Dan).
This kata only has one kiai point and it occurs on the very last movement of the kata, the yama-zuki (mountain punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Ji'in - Temple Ground

This is the last kata in the series of katas that start with the letter "J". Ji'in is known for a series of circular movements that introduce two new techniques, chudan-shuto-uchi (middle level sword hand strikes) and chudan-tetsui-uchi (middle level hammer fist strikes). This kata will test a student’s balance which they will find can be improved by placing the proper emphasis on the correct direction of attack.
This kata contains 34 movements and should take the student approximately 45 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance in rank from Ni Dan (2nd Black Belt) to San Dan (3rd Black Belt).
There are two kiai points in Ji'in. The first one occurs on the last jodan-shuto-uchi (middle level sword hand strikes) at the top of the embusen. The second kiai occurs on the very last movement of the kata, chudan-zuki (middle level punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Meikyo - Polished Mirror

Meikyo is a wonderful blend of the most basic techniques found within the Heian (Peaceful Mind) series of katas. By repeating many of the hand, and foot movements, on both the left, and the right side Meikyo ,suggests a "reflection" of sorts. Hence, its name means "Polished Mirror". This kata introduces the student to jo-zukami (forward thrust), and sankaku-tobi (three-point triangle jump). This movement is similar in appearance to the circular jump seen in Empi, but this jump in fact has a much different trajectory, and purpose, as such it will test the skill level of even the most experienced karate-ka.
This kata contains 33 movements and should take approximately 45 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance from Ni Dan (2nd Dan) to San Dan (3rd Dan).
There are two kiai points in Meikyo. The first one occurs on the mika-zuki-geri (crescent kick). The second one occurs on the jodan-soto-uke (upper fore arm strike) which is performed at the very start of the sankaku-tobi (three-point triangle jump).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Gojushiho Sho - Fifty Four Steps

Gojushiho-Sho is one of two katas in this series, the other being Gojushiho Dai. What can be somewhat confusing is that it is not uncommon for some Shotokan dojos to reverse the names of these two katas. How and why this came to be is not certain, but certainly Gojushiho-Sho is a favourite kata amongst many senior students. This is the second kata that Master Funakoshi wanted Master Masatoshi Nakayama to learn from Master Kenwa Mabuni, Founder of Shito-ryu. The other was Nijushiho which is how these two katas came into the Shotokan system. This kata makes extensive use of migi (right), and hidari (left) shihon nukite (middle level spear hand), shuto-uchi/shuto-uke (sword hand strike), chudan-shuto-osae/shuto-gedan-barai (middle level pressing sword hand block, and a lower level sword hand strike), and a chudan-ryo-sho-bo-uke (middle level double handed stick block).
This kata contains 65 movements and should take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance from San Dan (3rd Dan) to Yon Dan (4th Dan).
There are two kiai points in Gojushiho-Sho. The first one takes place at the chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack) three quarters of the way through the kata. The second one occurs on the second to last movement of the kata, chudan-ryo-te-seiryuto-uchi (middle level double handed ox jaw strike).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Gojushiho Dai - Fifty Four Steps

Gojushiho-Dai is the second kata in this series, and it too is a favourite amongst many senior students. This kata introduces several new techniques, including chudan-otoshi-ryo-ippon-nukite-zuki (middle level one finger strike), chudan-keito-uke (middle level back hand block), washite-jodan-uchi (upper level eagle strike), and washite-chudan-uchi (middle level eagle strike).
This kata contains 62 movements and should take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct perormance is of this kata is required in order to advance from San Dan (3rd Dan) to Yon Dan (4th Dan).
There are two kiai points in Gojushiho-Dai. The first one chudan-oi-zuki (middle level lunge punch) at the top of the embusen (line of attack) three quarters of the way through the kata. The second one occurs on the second to last movement of the kata, chudan-otoshi-ryo-ippon-nukite-zuki (middle level one finger strike).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your left foot in place and withdraw your right foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

Unsu - Cloud Hands

Unsu is the last and most complex of the Shotokan Katas. This kata is noted for it's quick hand techniques, as well as the ni-mawashi-geri (two round kicks) that are both performed while lying on the ground. To watch this kata done by a skilled karate-ka is amazing to witness. This kata introduces several new techniques such as chudan-keito-uke (middle level chicken head block), hito-sashiyubi-gedan-nukite (lower level one finger spear hand), and ushiro-geri-kekomi (back thrust kick). Due to the very high level of expertise required to perform this kata well Unsu should only be attempted by very senior karateka, and only after all of the other katas listed here have been thoroughly practiced, and comprehended.
This kata contains 48 movements and should take the student approximately 60 seconds to complete. The correct performance of this kata is required in order to advance from San Dan (3rd Dan) to Yon Dan (4th Dan).
There are two kiai points in Unsu. The first one occurs on the gedan-kekomi (lower level thrust kick). The second on occurs on the last movement of the kata, chudan-gyaku-zuki (middle level reverse punch).
To return to a ready position after the last movement of the kata leave your right foot in place and withdraw your left foot so as to stand up once again facing forward in hachiji-dachi (natural stance). You must now formally end the kata. You do this by bringing your left foot half way in towards your right foot and your right foot half way in towards your left foot so that you are now standing with your feet together. At the same time as you bring your feet together also bring your hands to your sides so you are again standing in heisoku-dachi (attention stance). Now rei (bow). After bowing, step out with your left foot and then your right foot and once again stand in hachiji-dachi (natural stance) while at the same time bringing your hands from your sides and hold them in a ready position in front of you with your fists closed.

The History of Shotokan Karate

The start.

Everything has a beginning.

And the art Shotokan Karate-do is no exception.
While it was conceived on the island of Okinawa, it was in Japan that Shotokan Karate-do was truly born.
It is not my intention here, to go into the history of either Shotokan, or the life of Gichin Funakoshi. There are simply far to many books, and web sites available where you can learn more. This is simply a brief introduction.
The year was 1868, near the end of the Meiji period. It was into this world that the Founder of Shotokan Karate, Gichin Funakoshi was born into a minor samurai family, the only son of a government official. Due to a premature birth he was a frail young child, and as such his family did not believe that he would live a very long life.
It was due to his poor health that his family to decide that he should begin to study of karate. Little did they know that their decision to send their son down the karate road would one day led to the creation of Shotokan Karate. Today the most widely practiced style of karate in the world.
While in the beginning he said that karate held little interest for him, he soon found that the training had a profound effect on his heath and his wellbeing. This led him to finally take a much greater interest in his training. By the time he was an adult, no trace of that frail child remained.
Gichin Funakoshi had two primary karate teachers. His first teacher was Yasutsune Azato a member of the Okinawan upper class, and a well know expert, not only in karate, but also in several other martial arts. His second teacher was Yasutsune Itosu who is credited with the creation of the Pinan katas, known in Shotokan, as the Heian Katas.
Both of these masters are said to have studied under Sokon “Bushi” Matsumura, himself a student of the legendary master, Tode Sakugawa. The following books, and web sites, in no particular order, can offeryou additional information.
Karate-Do Kyohan - The Master Text
The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate
The Essence of Karate
Karate-Do Nyumon

Karate Dictionary

Block (Uke – pronounced “oo-kay”)

Age-uke (ah-geh-oo-kay): Upper block (Raising)
Shuto-uke (shoe-toe oo-kay): Knife-hand block
Uchi-uke (oo-chee oo-kay): Inside center block
Gedan-barai (Geh-dahn bah-rye): Down block
Soto-uke (so-toh oo-kay): Outside center block
Chudan-uke (Chew-dahn oo-kay): Middle level block
Jodan-uke (joe-dahn oo-kay): Upper level block
Gedan-uke (geh-dahn oo-kay): Lower level block
Hiza-uke (he-zah oo-kay): Knee block
Juji-uke (jew-gee oo-kay): X-block
Morote-uke (moe-row-the oo-kay): Augmented block
Nagashi-uke (nah-gah-she oo-kay) Sweeping block
Sashite-uke (sah-she-tay oo-kay): Rising hand block
Teishi-uke (tay-sho oo-kay): Palm-heel block

Punch (Zuki – pronounced “zoo-key”)

Age-zuki (ah-geh zoo-key): Rising punch
Awase-zuki (ah-wah-say zoo-key): U-punch
Choku-zuki (cho-koo zoo-key): Straight punch
Chudan-zuki (chew-dahn zoo-key): Middle area punch
Gyaku-zuki (gya-koo zoo-key): Reverse punch
Jodan-zuki (joe-dahn zoo-key): face level punch
Morote-zuki (moe-row-the- zoo-key): Double “U” punch
Oi-zuki (oh-ee zoo-key): Lunge punch
Tate-zuki (tah-the zoo-key): Vertical punch
Teisho-zuki (tay-show zoo-key): Palm-heel punch
Ura-zuki (oo-rah zoo-key): Close punch

Kick (Geri – pronounced “geh-rhee”)

Ashi-Barai (ah-she bah-rye): Foot sweep
Fumikomi (foo-me-koh-me): Stamping kick
Keage (key-ah-geh): Snap kick
Kekomi (kay-koh-me): Thrust kick
Mae-geri (mah-eh geh-rhee): Front kick
Mae-geri-kaege (mah-eh geh-rhee kay-ah-geh): Front snap kick
Mae-geri-kakomi (mah-eh geh-rhee kay-koh-me): Front thrust kick
Mae-tobi-geri (mah-eh toe-be geh-rhee): Jumping front kick
Mawashi-geri (mah-wha-she geh-rhee): Round kick
Ushiro-geri (oo-she row geh-rhee): Back kick
Yoko-geri-kaegi (yoh-koh geh-rhee key-ah-geh): Side snap kick
Yoko-geri-kekomi (yoh-koh geh-rhee key-ah-geh): Side thrust kick

Strike (Uchi – pronounced “oo-chee”)

Empi-uchi (en-pee oo-chee): Elbow strike
Haishu-uchi (hi-shoo oo-chee): Back hand strike
Haito-uchi (hi-toe oo-chee): Ridge-hand strike
Ippon-ken (eep-pone ken): One-knuckle fist
Nukite (noo-key-teh): Spear hand
Kentsui-uchi (ken-tsue-ee oo-chee): Hammer fist strike
Shuto-uchi (shoe-toe oo-chee): Knife hand strike
Teisho-uchi (tay-sho oo-chee): Palm hand strike
Uraken-uchi (oo-rah-ken oo-chee): Back fist strike

Stance (Dachi – pronounced “dah-chee”)

Fudo-dachi (foo-dough dah-chee) Rooted stance
Hachiji-dachi (hah-chee-gee dah-chee): Open leg stance
Hangetsu-dachi (hahn-geh-tsue dah-chee): Half-moon stance
Heiko-dachi (hay-koh dah-chee): Parallel stance
Kamae (kah-may): Sparring posture
Kiba-dachi (key-bah dah-chee): Side stance (horse stance)
Kokutsu-dachi (koe-koo-tsu dah-chee): Back stance
Kosa-dachi (koe-sah dah-chee): Crossed legged stance
Neko-ashi-dachi (neh-koh ah-she-dah-chee): Cat stance
Sanchin-dachi (san-chin dah-chee): Hour-glass stance
Shizentai (she-zen dah-chee): Natural position
Sochin-dachi (so-chin dah-chee): Diagonal straddle-leg stance
Teiji-dachi (the-gee dah-chee): T stance
Zenkutsu-dachi (zen-koo-tsue dah-chee): Front stance

Numbers

Ichi (ih-chee): One
Ni (nee): Two
San (sahn): Three
Shi (she): Four
Go (go): Five
Roku (roo-koo): Six
Shichi (Shih-chee): Seven
Hachi (Hah-chee): Eight
Ku (koo): Nine
Ju (joo): Ten

General Terms

Budo (boo-doh): Martial way
Bunkai (bun-kye): Applications
Chudan (chew-dahn): Chest area
Dan (dahn): Black belt rank
Do (doh): Way/path
Dojo (doh-joh): Training area
Domo Arigato Gozai-mashita (doh-moh ah-ree-gah-toe go-zye-mah-she-tah) Thank you very much (past)
Gasshuku (gas-shoe-koo) Summer camp
Gedan (geh-dahn): Lower body area
Gi (ghee): Uniform
Gohan-kumite (goh-hon koo-mih-tay): Five step sparring
Hai (hi): Yes
Hajime (hah-zhim-ay): Begin
Hidari (he-dah-rhee): Left
Hombu-Dojo (hohm-boo doh-joh): Dojo headquarter
Ippon kumite (eep-pohn koo-me-teh): One step sparring
Jiyu ippon (jye-oo ih-pon): Free one step sparring
Jiyu-kumite (gee-you koo-me-teh): Free sparring
Jodan (joh-dahn): Face area
Kamae (kah-mah-eh): Sparring posture
Karate (kah-rah-teh): Empty hand
KarateKa (kah-rah-teh-kah): Karate student
Kata (kah-tah): Form
Ki (key): Mind, Spirit, Energy
Kiai (key-aye): Focusing shout
Kihon (key-hohn): Basic technique
Kihon kumite (key-hohn koo-me-teh): Basic sparring
Kime (key-may): Focus of power
Kumite (koo-me-teh): Sparring
Kyu (kyoo): White/Brown belt Rank
Mae (mah-eh): Front
Makiwara (mah-key-wha-rha): Punching board
Mawate-te (mah-wha-tay): Turn around
Migi (me-ghee): Right
Ohayo Gozaimasu (oh-ha-yoh go-zye-mah-soo): Good morning
Onegai-shimasu (oh-nih-guy-she-mah-soo): Please teach me
Osu (oh-soo): Greeting
Oyasumi nasai (oh-yah-soo-me nah-sigh): Good night
Rei (rey): Bow
Sanbon kumite (san-bohn koo-me-teh): Three step sparring
Seiza (say-zah): Sitting position
Sempai (sehm-pye): Senior student
Sensei (sehn-seh-ee): Instructor
Shizen-tai (she-zen tah-ee): Natural position
Tai sabaki (tye sah-bah-key): Body movement
Waza (wah-zah): Technique
Yame (yah-may): Stop
Yoi (yoy): Ready
Zanshin (zahn-shin): Following through technique

WSKSC